Global crop production has increased significantly in the past 50 years, impacting both people and the environment. To meet growing food demand while minimizing negative effects on climate and biodiversity, it is crucial to boost crop yields rather than expand cropland. A recent analysis shows that most of the rise in crop production has been due to higher yields (89%) rather than more land (11%). Two-thirds of yield improvements come from increasing the output of crops per unit of land, with the rest from factors like cropping intensity and crop distribution. This breakdown helps predict future trends and guide sustainable food production policies.