The article explores how migration affects population changes in Italy from 2002-2017. It looks at both international and internal migration patterns, focusing on differences between men and women, natives and non-natives, and the impact of the economy on migration. The study found that international migration has a bigger impact on population change than internal migration. Contrary to old theories, high unemployment doesn't always lead to more migration, and distance doesn't always deter people from moving. The research shows that economic and administrative centers play a significant role in shaping migration patterns in Italy. Overall, the study highlights the ongoing relevance of historical migration theories in understanding population changes today.