The researchers studied how different traits in sugarcane plants are related to the amount of cane they produce, especially under water-logged conditions. They found that traits like plant height, cane diameter, and sugar content have a positive impact on cane yield. The weight of each individual cane and the number of millable canes also play a big role in determining how much sugar cane a plant can produce. By focusing on these specific traits, scientists can develop better sugarcane varieties that yield more sugar.