The article discusses how tiny organisms in soil, like bacteria, interact with each other and with other living things like fungi, protozoa, and plant roots. These microorganisms form groups called biofilms on surfaces in the soil. The functions of these microorganisms are crucial for how they interact with each other. As they grow in biofilms, the genes in the microorganisms change. The microorganisms can sense things like how wet the soil is, its acidity, temperature, and what nutrients are present. This helps them adapt to their environment.