The European Union is working on new Cohesion Policies to help countries become smarter, more sustainable, and inclusive. The focus is on improving employment, productivity, and social cohesion. A study looked at how cities in Italy specialized in the environment sector from 2007 to 2020. They used a method called Local Indicators of Spatial Association to find areas with smart specialization. The goal is to identify ways to make cities more efficient and effective in their environmental efforts.