The researchers studied the variability in the third generation of green gram plants by using mutagens to create changes in the plants. They found that different plants had significant differences in traits like plant height and chlorophyll content. The analysis showed that environmental factors had a big influence on these traits. The seeds per plant showed high heritability and genetic advance, meaning these traits were mostly controlled by genetics. Overall, there was significant variation among plants for most traits, except for the number of pods per cluster.