The researchers studied how different cutoff schemes in molecular simulations of proteins can affect the results. They looked at 52 proteins and found that using a twin-range or single-range cutoff scheme didn't make a big difference. However, using a cutoff based on charge groups or atomic positions did show significant differences. Group-based cutoffs had more noise in energy, while atomistic cutoffs caused artificial structure in the solvent. By carefully controlling temperature or using a mix of atomistic and group-based cutoffs, the effects of cutoff noise can be reduced without messing up the solvent structure.