In an arid area of China, researchers looked at how to use water more efficiently while still growing the economy. They examined water use and quality to see if economic growth could happen without harming the environment. The study found that over 20 years, the region used less water for economic growth, but there's still a water shortage. The way water is used needs to change for both industry and agriculture. The researchers suggest improving water use efficiency and treating wastewater better to make sure both the economy and the environment can thrive together.