The researchers conducted a field experiment over three years to see how different types of fertilizers affect barley growth and soil quality in Ethiopia. They tested various organic and inorganic fertilizers like farmyard manure, vermicompost, and nitrogen. The results showed that using a mix of vermicompost and half doses of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers led to the highest barley yield. This combination produced 4277 kg of barley per hectare. The study found that the type and amount of fertilizer used had a significant impact on both barley yield and soil properties.