The researchers evaluated 12 types of durum wheat to see how they differ in traits like grain yield and plant height. They found that some traits, like kernels per spike and thousand kernels weight, showed a lot of variation between the wheat types. Traits like plant height and grain yield were found to be highly heritable, meaning they are strongly influenced by genetics. They also discovered that improving traits like spike length and kernels per spike could indirectly lead to better grain yield. This information can help breeders develop better durum wheat varieties.