Soil compaction from heavy machinery in coal mining areas changes soil structure, affecting how water moves through the soil. This study looked at soil samples from a coal mine in China to see how compaction affects soil properties. They found that as soil gets more compacted, it holds less water and water moves through it more slowly. Certain characteristics of the soil's pores, like their size and shape, play a big role in how water moves through the soil. To improve soil quality in these areas, measures should be taken to reduce compaction.