The study looked at how well land-use planning in Zurich, Switzerland aligns with strategic spatial planning. By analyzing the Cantonal Structure Plan from 1995 and changes in municipal land-use plans from 1996 to 2016, researchers found that the strategic plan successfully limited the expansion of building zones. However, there were some minor deviations in where new building zones were located and the allowed building density. This suggests that while the strategic plan controlled the overall growth of building zones, it had limited control over where they were placed and how dense they could be. The study highlights the importance of balancing flexibility in local planning decisions with clear boundaries to prevent misuse.