Inequality spikes as prosocial behaviors lead to wealth disparities in society.
Prosocial behaviors, like helping others, can be boosted in societies with different levels of social connections. However, this can lead to unequal distribution of benefits, with some people getting more than others. Surprisingly, even if the costs outweigh the benefits, being helpful can still be favored by natural selection. This study shows that diverse populations can encourage prosocial behaviors, but they can also create wealth gaps. To prevent this, interventions may be needed to ensure fairness in such societies.