The article discusses how water resources are managed in the Yellow River Basin in China. It looks at how water is allocated and regulated in the basin, including changes to the allocation plan over time. The researchers also explore water trading between different sectors in the basin. The goal is to improve water management by considering both surface and groundwater resources, expanding the allocation target from the river's main channel to the entire basin, and focusing on water consumption. The study identifies technical and managerial challenges in implementing these changes.