Aerogels are lightweight materials with low conductivity and high porosity, making them great for insulation. They come in different types like silica, carbon, and clay-based aerogels. These materials are water repellent and have found use in various sectors, including building construction. Aerogels are used in thermal insulation, electronics, energy absorbers, and even space suits. This review discusses the properties, formation, and applications of aerogels, focusing on their widespread use in building construction.