The study looked at how much sediment would be carried by the Yellow River during extreme rainfall events. They used historical data to predict that under current conditions, the river could transport between 0.821 to 1.899 billion tons of sediment annually. Most of this sediment comes from specific areas in the middle reaches of the river. Despite efforts to improve vegetation and build structures to control erosion, the Yellow River still faces challenges in managing the large amount of sediment it carries.