Land use systems in southern Ethiopia affect soil properties. Grazing, cultivation, eucalyptus plantation, and forest land have different impacts. Soil texture, pH, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels vary significantly between land uses. Forest land has the highest fertility, while cultivated land shows lower soil quality. Clearing forests for cultivation leads to soil degradation and erosion. To maintain soil health, reducing cultivation intensity and using integrated soil fertility management are recommended.