Households in Europe use a lot of energy, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficiency is important for reducing this energy use, but there are barriers that prevent people from investing in energy-efficient technologies. Different policies like energy standards, incentives, and information tools can help overcome these barriers. Command and control policies work well, but face challenges. Subsidies and taxes may not be effective, while rebates sometimes work. Informational policies depend on the country and product. Feedback tools can help remind people to be energy-efficient. However, there are limitations to these policies, like difficulties in implementing standards and differences in the effectiveness of rebate programs.