The study looked at how combining micro-sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen affected the growth and efficiency of winter wheat. They tested different irrigation and nitrogen application methods over two years and found that increasing water irrigation in certain stages improved stem and panicle numbers, leading to higher yields. Applying more nitrogen at specific stages increased stem numbers but decreased panicle numbers. Using four irrigation sessions and specific nitrogen application timings led to better dry matter accumulation, more grains per spike, and higher yield. Overall, more frequent irrigation and targeted nitrogen application improved water and fertilizer use efficiency.