The article explores the history and evolution of European civil law related to wrongdoing. It discusses how laws were developed in the 19th century based on Roman and Enlightenment principles, focusing on fault, damage, and causation. The impact of industrialization on these laws is also examined, including how they adapted to address new challenges like industrial accidents and technical risks. The article suggests a modern civil law framework that includes liability for personal fault, defective business activities, and hazardous situations.