The study looked at how income, clean energy use, exports, imports, urbanization, and ecological footprint are related in Turkey from 1973 to 2015. They found that imports increase ecological footprint, while urbanization and clean energy use don't affect pollution in the long term. The 2001 economic crisis slowed down growth and reduced pollution. The Environmental Kuznets Curve holds true in Turkey, but the income level needed to improve environmental quality is higher than what was analyzed. Only exports were found to reduce ecological footprint, not economic growth or clean energy use.