The study looked at how different ways of mixing chemicals in water treatment affect the formation of clumps and the removal of dirt. They found that under certain conditions, it takes longer for clumps to form when the chemicals are neutral, compared to when they are swept together. The amount of dirt removed after settling depended on how the chemicals were mixed. However, the amount of dirt removed after filtering was not affected by the mixing method. The time spent mixing was important in some cases, but the strength and type of mixing were not as crucial. These findings could help water treatment plants save money on building and running their facilities.