The study looked at 35 types of wheat to see how they grow in different conditions. They found that some traits, like biomass at anthesis, are mainly controlled by genes and can be improved through selection. Traits like flag leaf area and biomass at tillering also show potential for improvement. Biomass at maturity and harvest index are important for high grain yield in both normal and moisture-stress conditions. Grains per spike, biomass at anthesis, and stem reserve mobilization are crucial for grain yield in moisture-stress conditions. So, focusing on biomass at maturity and harvest index can help improve wheat growth in dry conditions.