Straw incorporation can help improve rice yield stability under high fertilization levels in the rice-wheat system. After nine years of study, it was found that adding straw to the soil did not significantly change the average rice yield, but it did reduce the variation in yield by 25.8% and increase the sustainable yield by 8.2%. The amount of sunlight the rice plants received during the growing season affected how much the straw incorporation boosted yield. In years with less sunlight, rice yield increased by 5.4% with straw, while in years with more sunlight, there was no effect. Overall, incorporating straw into the soil improved soil quality and helped rice plants grow better in low light conditions.