The article explores how laws are created, focusing on where they come from - either from ideals or from actual rules enforced by the government. It discusses how concepts like human rights and justice shape our legal system, and how philosophical ideas influence our laws. The researchers argue that both idealistic views and practical enforcement play important roles in forming laws. They suggest that laws are a mix of what we believe they should be (ideal) and what they actually are (real). Overall, the study shows that laws are not only rules but also ideas that reflect our values and societal norms, created through a combination of ideals and reality.