The study looked at whether a country's economic growth harms its environment, focusing on Pakistan. They examined data from 1960 to 2017 on factors like industry, cities, trade, energy use, income, and CO2 emissions. The results show that as industries and energy use increase, the environment in Pakistan gets worse. However, the impact of international trade on the environment was not significant, possibly because Pakistan mainly imports more than it exports. Interestingly, urbanization, or cities growing, actually reduced CO2 emissions. Moreover, the more Pakistan's income grew, the better it treated its environment - showing that as countries develop, they might start helping the environment more.