This research looked at how agriculture is changing in 40 African countries. They studied how farmers are using fertilizers to grow crops more intensively. Using different measurements, they found that some countries are using their land in a more intense way by adding more crops and reducing time between planting seasons. Half of the countries are growing crops more intensively because they have a lot of land and not as many people living there. Instead of making existing farmland more productive, they are using new land to grow more crops. This study helps us see how farming is changing in Africa and how different countries are intensifying their agricultural practices.