The article compares three ways to manage investments: Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), Intertemporal Portfolio Choice, and Digital Portfolio Theory (DPT). MPT focuses on short-term volatility, while Intertemporal Portfolio Choice adjusts portfolios over time to reduce risk. DPT, on the other hand, looks at long-term variance without considering volatility. DPT helps control variances in investment solutions based on time and demand for hedging or speculation.