The article examines factors influencing income mobility in rural China from 1989 to 2006 using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey. It finds that households with low initial income, more wage income, higher education levels, non-agricultural employment, and younger heads are more likely to see income growth. Changes in wage income, non-agricultural employment, and education levels are key factors affecting income mobility. The study suggests that promoting non-agricultural jobs and education can help improve household income mobility in rural China.