The article explores whether it's better to separate monetary policy and banking supervision. It looks at how Central Banks have evolved in overseeing banks and the potential conflicts that can arise when combining these roles. The main argument for separation is to avoid conflicts of interest that could affect interest rates. However, there are concerns about systemic risks in the payment system that may require Central Banks to act as a lender of last resort. Overall, the study suggests that Central Banks should have a regulatory role in the payment system to prevent crises and ensure stability.