The article investigates what factors influence the economic growth of different regions in Indonesia from 1983 to 2003. The researchers used data on income, education, government spending, infrastructure, trade, and institutions to analyze the impact on economic growth. They found that investment and government spending had mixed effects on income growth, while education and infrastructure had positive impacts. Trade was consistently important for economic growth across all income measures. Additionally, the quality of institutions and financial institutions played a role in economic growth, particularly in non-mining sectors.