The study looked at how different types of businesses group together in Europe. They found that most service industries spread out more over time, except for retail, water transport, and finance which clustered more. The way businesses group together can be explained by certain economic theories. They also found that when industries like textiles cluster together, it can attract retail businesses to cluster as well. This shows that different types of businesses in Europe influence each other's locations, making the region very dynamic and attractive for new activities.