The article discusses the European sovereign debt crisis that started in 2009, focusing on Greece, Italy, and Portugal. It explores the causes of the crisis and its impact on their debt levels and economies. The study also looks at how the crisis affected various financial markets like bonds, stocks, gold, and forex, as well as financial institutions. It includes graphs from Bloomberg to support the analysis. The researchers also examine the measures taken by policymakers and financial institutions to address the crisis. Overall, the article evaluates the impact of the crisis on the financial landscape and highlights lessons learned from the experience.