The study looked at how Australia's economy grew from 1970 to 2000 and how it affected people's incomes. They found that as the economy got better, the gap between rich and poor people widened. By using a new way of looking at the data, they saw that when the economy was doing well, income inequality went up. This means that even in a rich country like Australia, economic growth can make some people richer and others poorer. The research challenges the idea that only poor countries see income inequality grow as they develop.