The study looked at how anti-dumping duties affect imports in the US, EU, China, and India from 1996 to 2015. They found that anti-dumping duties decrease imports of targeted products by 0.43-0.51%. However, total imports of these products increased by 30% while the duty was in place, showing it's a temporary relief. Factors like market share and tariff rates affect the termination of anti-dumping duties. Overall, the findings suggest that these duties are used as trade remedies, not just protectionist measures, when controlled by WTO rules.