The article explores ways to improve climate policies in countries that trade emissions. They look at a situation where some countries can buy emissions reductions from others. The researchers find that the current system is not working optimally. Countries with emission limits often don't reduce their emissions enough. They show that it's better for these countries to directly purchase emission reductions from others at a lower price than their set limit. This way, more emissions can be reduced effectively and efficiently on a global scale. The study suggests that changes in how emissions trading is done could lead to better outcomes for everyone involved.