The study measured the productivity of Thai agriculture from 1970 to 2006. Total factor productivity (TFP) played a significant role in increasing crop and livestock output, but has slowed down since the mid-1990s. TFP contributed to 21% of crop output growth and 17% of livestock output growth. Factors influencing TFP include local agricultural research, technology from other countries, investments in farming practices, weather conditions, diseases, and global commodity prices.