Export promotion trumps protection for sectors with increasing returns to scale.
The article examines how trade policies affect different sectors with varying market power. It shows that trade policy effects are more complicated when some sectors have increasing returns to scale. Policies that treat domestic and export sales equally are generally better than those that favor one over the other. Export promotion is more beneficial than protection for sectors with increasing returns to scale. Departing from equal treatment of domestic and export sales may not be worth the extra costs.