Commodity price changes, especially in coffee, had a big impact on rural households in Uganda during the 1990s. When coffee prices went up, poverty decreased, benefiting poorer households more. Rich and poor farmers both got into coffee farming, but the price boom helped the poorer ones more. Even when prices dropped, poverty reduction continued, thanks to agricultural policy changes and market liberalization. These changes led to overall agricultural growth, showing that policies affecting agriculture can make a big difference in reducing poverty in rural areas.