Water resources in Poland are limited, with low river outflow compared to other European countries. To address this, it is recommended to retain water in the soil and bedrock by building reservoirs and implementing land use changes and agrotechnical measures. Human activities are putting pressure on water resources, leading to quantity and quality changes. It is crucial to reduce water consumption in households, industry, and agriculture to maintain water safety. The stability of low flows and hydrogenic ecosystems must be preserved to prevent negative impacts of droughts and floods.