The article discusses how traditional economic theories fail to predict financial crises because they assume people always make rational decisions. The researchers explore a different idea called bounded rationality, which suggests that people's decisions are limited by their cognitive abilities. They also look at how combining economics with psychology can help explain why financial markets sometimes behave irrationally. The study also mentions behavioral finance, which studies how people's emotions can affect their financial decisions, and neuroeconomics, which looks at how the brain influences economic behavior.