The article examines how the EU's special trade deals affect global trade. It uses detailed data to look at the impact of these trade preferences. The researchers found that these special agreements influence how much trade happens, especially in different industries. The way they measure these effects is crucial for understanding and improving these trade policies. High-income countries are changing how they use trade to help developing nations, while also protecting their own industries from competition. There is concern about losing these trade advantages in the future. This study shows it's important to track and adjust these trade policies for everyone's benefit.