The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal agencies to assess the environmental impacts of their actions, even extending to state, local, and private entities with federal ties. NEPA has been crucial in protecting natural resources, but there are areas for improvement. The article reviews NEPA's strengths and weaknesses, urging agencies to consider a broader range of environmental impacts in decision-making. It evaluates NEPA's effectiveness in decision-making processes, comparing project vs. program applications. The duty to explore alternatives to proposed actions and consider indirect impacts is also discussed. Overall, the article questions whether NEPA has fully met the environmental challenges it was designed to address.