The article argues that mainstream economic science has methodological biases that lead to failures in economic policies, especially in developing countries. New economic models still rely on neoclassical assumptions, which limit their understanding of gender, culture, and the dynamic nature of economies. Four heterodox economic schools criticize these biases: feminist economics, evolutionary economics, ecological economics, and economic anthropology. The failure of economic policies, like the Structural Adjustment Programmes, is attributed to these biases. The article calls for a variety of methods in Czech economic research and education.