The study looks at how our economy grows by using different types of energy like oil and renewable sources. It says that as we use up oil, we will need to switch to alternative energy for long-term success. The researchers built a model to show how this switch might happen over time. They found that our energy use will go up a lot when oil is easy to get and cheap. But as oil runs out, we will need to rely more on renewable energy until we don't need oil at all. This means we might go through a time of using a lot of oil before shifting completely to renewable energy for the future.