Trade remedies like antidumping are commonly used by countries to restrict international trade. A study looked at why so few of these measures are challenged at the World Trade Organization. They found that the decision to challenge a trade remedy is influenced by the economic market size and the ability to retaliate. Interestingly, if a foreign industry can retaliate with its own antidumping measure, its government is less likely to challenge the trade remedy at the WTO. This suggests that countries may prefer to take matters into their own hands rather than go through formal WTO procedures.