Environmental policies shape industry impacts, but effectiveness may be waning.
The article reviews how environmental policies impact manufacturing firms' environmental performance. Different industries and countries have varying effects on the environment. Environmental policies influence industry impacts, but their effect is decreasing. Regulations affect competitiveness, innovation, and capital movement. Companies voluntarily improving their environmental performance can be beneficial, but there are few reliable indicators. Some sectors perform better environmentally than others, and policymakers should learn from this to push firms towards the best possible and sustainable performance.