The study looked at how the Kyoto Protocol affected greenhouse gas emissions like CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, and other gases. It analyzed data from 119 countries over several years. The findings show that the Kyoto commitments led to decreased CO2 and methane emissions but didn't have a significant impact on nitrous oxide emissions. Surprisingly, there was an increase in other greenhouse gases like HFCs, PFCs, and SF6. These results suggest that the Protocol had different effects on different types of emissions, which is important for how we address global warming.