In Norwegian agriculture, cutting greenhouse gas emissions by 30% could reduce food production, especially beef and sheep meat. Taxes on CO2 in farming would lead to production and emissions per hectare dropping, with less use of feed and fertilizer. However, rewarding farmers for removing carbon through agroforestry could cause more intense farming, increasing emissions per unit of agricultural land. Agriculture worldwide faces a challenge: to feed more people while lowering greenhouse gas emissions, it may need to intensify production, meaning higher outputs on the same land areas but increased emissions per unit area.