The article discusses how setting default options in policies, like automatic enrollment in retirement savings plans, may not always work as intended. For example, in the case of checking account overdraft coverage, firms can manipulate the defaults to their advantage. This means that defaults may not always stay in place, and those who opt out may actually be the ones who need the default the most. The study suggests that policy defaults may not be effective when firms oppose them, have access to consumers, the decision environment is confusing, and consumer preferences are uncertain. This indicates that simply nudging people towards certain choices may not always be successful without additional regulations in place.